Russian has high intelligibility of Belarussian, on the order of 75%. Some say that West Palesian is actually a separate language, but the majority of Belarussian linguists say it is a dialect of Belarussian (Mezentseva 2014). No idea, but if they are fairly intelligent as she sounds like she is, you might be shocked at how she might be able to rattle off some estimated figures like that. @AJ In 1933, reforms were forced that streamlined Ukrainian more in line with the Russian language. My gues. Ja u da radim is more common to Serbian speakers but ja u raditi is officially more correct. However, Bulgarians claim to be able to understand Serbo-Croatian better than the other way around. A primary challenge to these positions is that speakers of closely related languages can often communicate with each other effectively if they choose to do so. Congratulations on a brilliant article! A different dialect is spoken in each town. Ukrainian pronounces the "o" as "o" whereas Russians pronounce it typically as an "a." The Ukrainian "" and "" have different pronunciations compared to their Russian equivalents, "" and "". Hello everyone, Czechs say Lach is a part of Czech, and Poles say Lach is a part of Polish. Also, I can only understand a small bit of Russian, and Ukrainian is even more far off for me(the pronunciation is easier but understanding is harder) and I can understand quite a bit of bulgarian(especially when written). Anti-Ethnic Sentiments Slovenians, Macedonians and Bulgars used to be one nation called Sklaveni and they were living in the south Hungary. Comment * document.getElementById("comment").setAttribute( "id", "ac933fc62d348b183dfc4516edf000ec" );document.getElementById("b83dbe3da2").setAttribute( "id", "comment" ); document.getElementById( "ak_js_1" ).setAttribute( "value", ( new Date() ).getTime() ); Your email address will not be published. However, leaving aside Kajkavian speakers, Croatians have poor intelligibility of Slovenian. A Serbian friend of mine was estaunished to see how some Macedonian celebrities speak Serbian on the TV without accent. According to a paper on Mutual Intelligibility of Languages in the Slavic Family (link in comments): Native Belarusian speakers can understand 80% of spoken Ukrainian and 80% of written . Was he educated? Ukrainian 15 % spoken, 25 % written So they speak Macedonian to me and I speak Serbian to them, and we understand each other perfectly. . I tested this on my wife by showing her news clips on Youtube. A western Slovak can even understand most of Ruthenians hen they are speaking. In addition, Bin Laden is a suspect in other terrorist attacks throughout the world. I am afraid you are not right because if you take Serbian dialects till Nis, then they are very mutually intelligible with Macedonian! Finally, I think the Ukrainians' mentality if more Polish, while the Russian mentality is more fourteenth century Mongol. I believe Ponaszymu appears to lack full intelligibility with Czech. [youtube=http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=O-YqET96OO0&fs=1&hl=en_GB]. Is there any way you could give me percentage figures for these observations of your wifes? "Proto-Slavonic,". This is heartening, although Kajkavian as an existing spoken lect also needs to be recognized as a living language instead of a dialect of Croatian, whatever that word means. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=58Aog4AJdQM. Intelligibility data for Saris Slovak and Ukrainian is not known. Yet we speak of Kai/Cha as of Serbo-Croatian dialects, while Slovenian is totally foreign. Also cyrillic in Macedonian is almost as same as Serbian, but many Croats dont know or dont want to know cyrillic, and that makes Macedonian more different to them than to Serbs. There is as much Czech literature and media as Slovak literature and media in Slovakia, and many Slovaks study at Czech universities. What languages are mutually intelligible with Russian? Id like to know about written mutual intelligibility, because, about spoken mutual intelligibility, there are people from portugal that cannot understand brazilians and vice-versa, though they speak the same language. They are essentially speaking the same language. Not only that, but it is not even fully intelligible with the Eastern Slovak that it resembles most. I also worked in a resteraunt with lots of west and south slavs there and I have to say that Serbian and crotian has a lot of ilarities with Slovak. Briefly put, mutual intelligibility is when speakers of one language can understand a related language to some degree. It is also said that West Slovak (Bratislava) cannot understand East Slovak, so Slovak may actually two different languages, but this is controversial. . He estimated that Belarusian and Ukrainian were at least 80% mutually intelligible, accents and dialect aside, and that Russian was far . I thought this is Croatia! 2023 Enux Education Limited. However, Dutch speakers usually understand more German than the reverse because they study German in school. I also understand more of other Slavic languages then neotokavian speakers do. Hence, Russians understand the colloquial Ukrainian spoken in the countryside pretty well, but they understand the modern standard heard on TV much less. Not true about Czech / Slovak inteligibility. pouv cyrilici, a bantsk norma, kter pouv latinku. Its grammar is close to that of Russian. Written intelligibility was only calculated for a number of language pairs. I am really sorry, but if you are speaking about science, you cannot just say. I also recognize a Macedonian who speaks Serbian by the vowel e, and their sound of () is much softer than Serbian one, something between Serbian and or even as same as . I think this is very difficult for Macedonians to distinguish this two consonants and pronounce them correctly. Recently a Croatian linguist forwarded a proposal to formally recognize Chakavian as a separate language, but the famous Croatian Slavicist Radoslav Katii argued with him about this and rejected the proposal on political, not linguistic grounds. I speak tokavski croatian (and can read and understand serbian (both cyrillic and latin) and can adapt my croatian to be more serbian grammatically and with vocabulary) and just recently I had a conversation where I spoke croatian and the other person spoke polish. Ukrainian and Russian only have 60% lexical similarity. Polish, Ukrainian and even Serbo-Croatian dialects are less so, especially in the light of their geographical spread . But then the second older guy from Bosnia (Filipovi) appeared on the screen and wow! Those 12% in Polish are very dubious as well. Yet, it is closer to Russian that standard Ukrainian. Are Russian and Polish mutually intelligible? The fact that such process works is almost a definition of mutual intelligibility for me. In addition, the Slobozhan dialects of Ukrainian and Russian such as (Slobozhan Ukrainian and Slobozhan Russian) spoken in Kantemirov (Voronezhskaya Oblast, Russia), and Kuban Russian or Balachka spoken in the Kuban area right over the eastern border of Ukraine are very close to each other. I would be able to translate what he says! Spanish is also partially mutually intelligible with Italian, Sardinian and French, with respective lexical similarities of 82%, 76% and 75%. I do hope that you understand the point. Only nationalists and fanatics disagree. If the central varieties die out and only the varieties at both ends survive, they may then be reclassified as two languages, even though no actual language change has occurred during the time of the loss of the central varieties. Nevertheless Ukrainian intelligibility of Russian is hard to calculate because presently there are few Ukrainians in Ukraine who do not speak Russian. Mutual intelligibility between languages can make learning them much easier. Then conversation is intelligible 100%. Polish 5 % spoken, 20 % written Bolgarian 30 % spoken, 50 % written From his own words it is possible to conclude that mutual inteligibility between czech and slovak is very high, and Ive heard from young czechs that they still can understand slovak with no effort. Serbo-Croatian and Russian have 10-15% intelligibility, if that, yet written intelligibility is higher at 25%. You are probably talking about the study Mutual intelligibility between West and South Slavic languages? 15), Part II", "Intelligibility of standard German and Low German to speakers of Dutch", "Cross-Border Intelligibility on the Intelligibility of Low German among Speakers of Danish and Dutch", "Mutual intelligibility of Dutch-German cognates by humans and computers", "Morpho-syntax of mutual intelligibility in the Turkic languages of Central Asia - Surrey Morphology Group", "Kirundi language, alphabet and pronunciation", "Tokelauan Language Information & Resources", "Majlis Bahasa Brunei Darussalam Indonesia Malaysia (MABBIM)", "Indonesian-Malay mutual intelligibility? These are 33 brand new symbols that you'd have . They say, ~60%, ~65%, etc. Toj e oficialnijat ezik na Republika Balgarija i edin iz 23-te oficialni ezika na Evropejskija sajuz. Also, danes and swedes have a hard time understanding each other, but they can read the others language quite well. 5%? I dont know about Macedonian (havent ever heard or read it) but it seems to be like in the middle between Serbian and Bulgarian (just like frisian is in the middle of dutch and english). It has a very high degree of mutual intelligibility with Galician (spoken in Northwestern Spain), which is a language thats sort of a cross between Portuguese and Spanish. Basically, when you are listening to Bulgarians, you only hear an incomprehensible row of ta-jat-to-ta-jat-ta-to-ta. Do you speak Ukrainian. Czech-Slovak is now 91%, Czech-Serbo-Croatian is 18%, Czech-Macedonian is 17% and Czech=-Bulgarian is 13%. You cannot simply separate the articles from the words during a regular conversation. A Serb gave me this information. Despite all of this, Ukrainian and Russian aren't the closest languages in the Slavic language family, and they're not even mutually intelligible. The answer is that Izetbegovi is speaking too fast, he is often basically mumbling, and due to the different stress, I cannot identify, where the words start and end. Hello can I use your comments in a paper I am writing? Im of the Yugoslav variety by rearing, and a Serb by select bits of culture, by most of my native language and by all of where my tax money goes. The more German the Silesian dialect is, the harder it is for Poles to understand. The problem is that most linguists are not interested in scientific intelligibility testing of language pairs. In this week's Slavic languages comparison, we talk about animals in Polish and Ukrainian. He is currently listed on the FBIs Most Wanted Terrorists list. I once had a conversation with a young woman from the Czech Republic. Intelligibility may be 85%. Russian only has 60% intelligibility of Balachka. [2], Because of the difficulty of imposing boundaries on a continuum, various counts of the Romance languages are given; in The Linguasphere register of the worlds languages and speech communities David Dalby lists 23 based on mutual intelligibility:[13]. Page 183 section 481. The German influence is more prominent in the west; Polish influence is greater in the east. The thesis that Bulgarian and Macedonian are the same language is not real in the practice. I dismiss some of the wilder conspiracy stuff out of hand. The Czech law even states that Slovak language can be used in schools and in official documents. Kajkavian is fairly uniform across its speech area, whereas Chakavian is more diverse (Jembrigh 2014). Kajkavian has 82% intelligibility of Chakavian. Czech and Polish are incomprehensible to Serbo-Croatian speakers (Czech 10%, Polish 5%), but Serbo-Croatian has some limited comprehension of Slovak, on the order of 25%. Many Silesian speakers now speak a watered down version of Silesian which is more properly seen as a Polish dialect with some Silesian words. Pannonian Rusyn is actually a part of Slovak, and Rusyn proper is really a part of Ukrainian. Nared s osnovnata, izpolzovana v Balgarija, saestvuvat oe makedonska norma, kojato sao izpolzva kirilica, i banatska norma, kojata izpolzva latinica. For example, all Russian shows get subtitles on Ukrainian TV. Yet some say that the subtitles are simply put on as a political move due to Ukraines puristic language policy. It may seem that Polish and Russian are mutually intelligible because they both come from the same language family and share a lot of similarities. Are Russian and Polish mutually intelligible? the copula is mostly the same (sm/si/e/smo/ste/su vs. sum/si/e/sme/ste/se) do is the same verb (prim/pri/pri/primo/prite/pre vs. pravam/pravi/pravi/pravime/pravite/pravaat; as opposed to Serbian raditi) (Jim Morrison). Because they use different alphabets, German and Yiddish are only mutually intelligible when spoken. And when islanders respond back in akavian they are puzzled: What? Some simple words as Zboruva talk were not understood by a Bulgarian and I was obliged to use the word govori so that I adapted my Macedonian to get understood, although we seldom say govori. It seems polish and bulgarian are the easiest for me to understand (save for bosnian, serbian, and crnogorski). It uses shtokavian dialect but simultaniously italianized vocabulary,and it is very hard to be understood while speaking to a common Croatian speaker.Would that also be considered a separate language? Serbs until recently where still self titled Yugoslavs. For me having learnt some Slavic languages and watching Bulgarian TV was not very difficult. It is not that hard. Bulgarian: 15% spoken , 30-40% written Rather than 95%, or 85%. Hello, the difference of course is completely arbitrary, but above 90%, most speakers regard their comprehension as full or say things like I understand it completely. Below 90%, it starts getting a lot more iffy, and down towards 80-85%, people start saying things like, I understand most of it but not all! and people start regarding the other tongue as possibly a separate language. If we follow this line of reasoning, it would be correct to conclude that English is highly intelligible to Serbian speakers because most Serbs speak English. Tradues em contexto de "mutuamente compreensvel" en portugus-ingls da Reverso Context : Os membros da equipa de verificao da Comisso podem comunicar com as autoridades e com o pessoal do operador da instalao numa lngua comum e mutuamente compreensvel. I will tell you also this: 3. Lesser Polish, which can be heard in the south and southeast. It is important to note that the idea of this paper was try to test "pure inherent intelligibility." A pure inherent intelligibility test would involve a couple of things. Hence, many religious books were imported from Russia, and these books influenced Bulgarian. Kajkavian, especially the ZagorjeKajkaviandialect around Zagreb, is close to theStajerskadialect of Slovene. some things in this article are heavily exaggerated. The main Shtokavian dialects of Croatian, Serbian, Montenegrin and Bosnian are mutually intelligible. Yes you can. It is just a dialect in east Slovakia that westernd Slovaks (and Czechs) find harder to understand but it is not like they would not understand a word. Traditionally, dialects are regional variations of one main language. I have friends from Bulgaria and I can tell you that they have problems by understanding some things. Many Ukrainian-speakers consider the language . It was probably in the same ballpark as Polish for me. This makes Polish a much much easier language to learn than Russian. Czech-Polish is not at 12% anymore, a new study has found it is 32%. [8], However, others have suggested that these objections are misguided, as they collapse different concepts of what constitutes a "language".[9]. Reading a Bulgarian text is not like reading an ordinary book in Czech, it would cost my brain much more kilojoules (but maybe mainly due to the monotonous Cyrilic script), but it is possible. . The Polish alphabet includes certain additional letters formed using diacritics: the kreska in the letters , , , , and through the letter in ; the kropka in the letter , and the ogonek ("little . Score: 4.1/5 (74 votes) . On this Wikipedia the language links are at the top of the page across from the article title. Macedonian and Bulgarian would be much closer together except that in recent years, Macedonian has been heavily influenced by Serbo-Croatian, and Bulgarian has been heavily influenced by Russian. So I understood all but one word (), and Google Translator indeed confirms that my guess was right and it means also. Some say it is a part of Czech, but more likely it is a part of Polish like Silesian. December 2014. Bosnian and Montenegrin are also just dialects of Serbian language. Linguistic distance is the name for the concept of calculating a measurement for how different languages are from one another. Nice article, but I think there is a difference between spoken mutual intelligibility and different languages. I must confess that as a Czech, I understand only little, what the Macedonian reporter is saying, and when I was listening to the first guy from Bosnia (Izetbegovi), I was often lost, understanding only slightly more, maybe 20-30%. Polish has 22% intelligibility of Silesian, 12% of Czech, 6% of Russian, and 5% of Bulgarian. However, Russian is only 74% mutually intelligible with spoken Belarusian and 50% mutually intelligible with spoken Ukrainian. I am a native Macedonian and I totally dont agree with you. Buzet is actually transitional between Slovenian and Kajkavian. A lect called iarija Slovenian is spoken on the Istrian Peninsula in Slovenia just north of Croatia. Can you give me a figure for how much of a Bulgarian text you can understand? can take anywhere. The results show that in most cases, a division between West and South Slavic languages does exist and that West . There are some dialects around Buzet that seem to be the remains of old Kajkavian-Chakavian transitional dialects (Jembrigh 2014). Because mutual intelligibility comes in varying degrees, its hard to determine how much overlap there needs to be for something to be classified as such. @jacobbauthumley How much of Ukrainian can these Russians in Canada understand? It is difficult to get a high-paying job that requires skill and . What if akavian person is from dalmatian coastal village which is now half tokavised and tokavian speaker is from Dalmatian city which still has some elements of akavian, ikavian yat and is full of romanisms? 7. Ukranian: 20% . Ukrainians can understand Russian much better than the other way around. LIFESTYLE Languages. An individual's achievement of moderate proficiency or understanding in a language (called L2) other than their first language (L1) typically requires considerable time and effort through study and practical application if the two languages are not very closely related. I was born in Upper State and I can barely understand some southern speakers.Do you think the politics in USA is also preventing the formation of new languages ? The Serbo-Croatian vocabulary in both Macedonian and Torlakian is very similar, stemming from the political changes of 1912; whereas these words have changed more in Bulgarian. Mutual intelligibility mostly applies to the educated, standardized forms of these languages, not to the various sub-standard dialects. Bulgarian and Macedonian can understand each other to a great degree (65-80%) but not completely. Because of all of this, tokavian speaker has a hard time understanding fast talking akavian speakers. Ukrainian and Belarusian are mutually intelligible and in general very close and have some common features like synthetical future, but Russian speakers (who know only Russian) only partially understand Ukrainian/Belarusian. Lets say a young Czech goes to Slovakia without prior exposure to Slovak. When we do intelligiblity studies, we look for virgin ears or people who have not heard the other language much or at all. In its written form Bulgarian is even more different than in its spoken form. Hutch Mon May 14, 2007 12:25 am GMT. Ive yet to see a speaker of BCS that recognizes the obvious: these three languages are just the same. How to explain that? These recommendations are based on research into the mutual intelligibility of Germanic languages, conducted by Femke Swarte. How is it possible if they speak the same language? Click here to get a copy. Ja u da radim is a form more related to Macedonian and south eastern dialects of Serbo-Croatian. Grammar is almost identical. NATO EU. An example of equal treatment of Malaysian and Indonesian: the, List of dialects or varieties sometimes considered separate languages, List of languages sometimes considered varieties, North Germanic languages Mutual intelligibility, Learn how and when to remove this template message, considered separate languages only for political reasons, "Listening instruction and patient safety: Exploring medical English as a lingua franca (MELF) for nursing education", "The Contribution of Linguistic Factors to the Intelligibility of Closely Related Languages", "Taking taxonomy seriously in linguistics: Intelligibility as a criterion of demarcation between languages and dialects", "uvalar: The Internal Classification & Migration of Turkic Languages", "Mutual Comprehensibility of Written Afrikaans and Dutch: Symmetrical or Asymmetrical? The main difference is in the ortography. Polish and Ukrainian mutual intelligibility question. I am communicating very often with speakers of the other Slavic languages, so I did an experiment and I tried to write something in Bulgarian for one first time. Can Ukrainians and Polish understand each other? Additionally, some Arabic speakers may be familiar with Egyptian Arabic through the media, so they may rely on this to bridge any language gaps. Russian influence only ended in 1878. German is partially mutually intelligible with Yiddish and Dutch. Ability of speakers of two language varieties to understand the other, As a criterion for identifying separate languages, List of languages sometimes considered varieties, List of dialects or varieties sometimes considered separate languages, Alexander M. Schenker. Map; Russia's Periphery* Baltic States. 2. In the evening of the first day it reaches 93%, in a week 95%, all unsupervised, almost effortlessly, just by being there, watching, listening, talking and asking for an explanation here and there. I have to really focus and try hard to understand them but with patience I can get buy. In fact, people in the north of Poland regard Silesian as incomprehensible. When Kievan Rus' fell to the Mongols in the 13th century, the formerly united states became split, and what were once very closely-related dialects began to . Ja u raditi, for me, sounds more Croatian and Bosnian or at least archaic, and Serbians from Bosnia and Croatia also speaks in that way. How much Slovene can your average Chakavian speaker understand? Many people know cases well but simply dont want to speak them correctly in conversation with someone who doesnt speak them correctly because that makes them feel like they want to judge other people who doesnt use cases correctly or that makes them more educated, even more smart, than someone who doesnt use it, and that makes both sides uncomfortable. While discussing mutual intelligibility, the author often calls upon bilingual learning; for example, Czech and Slovak are considered highly intelligible because of the strong cross-cultural overlap. Grammar, on the other hand, is a different matter altogether. Also akavian has some elements of its own. Serbs/Croats used to live in the south Poland and they moved south to the current location. In the army, fairly precise understanding of the meaning of the commands is required and it worked, without any formal language training. Lach is not fully intelligible with Czech; indeed, the differences between Lach and Czech are greater than the differences between Silesian and Polish, despite the fact that Lach has been heavily leveling into Moravian Czech for the last 100 years. Hello, can you tell me, how much Kajkavian can your average Chakavian speaker understand in percentage? But which languages in the world are actually closest to . (. Colloquial Ukrainian spoken in most of the country is pretty much comprehensible to Russians. I also have no problems understanding standard Croatian or the Kajkavian and Cakavian Croatian dialects and Bosnian and Montenegrin to me are the same language and completely understandable. https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D1%8A%D0%BB%D0%B3%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8_%D0%B5%D0%B7%D0%B8%D0%BA Spanish has varying degrees of mutual intelligibility with Galician, Portuguese, Catalan, Italian, Sardinian and French. Now tokavian and akavian. The higher the linguistic distance, the lower the mutual intelligibility. For Kai-Cha it was less shocking as many words were taught by their parents (or they remembered them from childhood, before the school system forces you to use only the Std Cro). Rusyn ~ Ukrainian . It is an official language of the Bulgarian republic and one of 23 official languages of the European Union. In the 1500s, Kajkavian began to be developed in a standard literary form. IOW, I think there are two languages Czech and Slovak and I do not agree that they are the same language with two dialects. Or they will say, Well, that is about 70% our language. If it is a dialect, they will say, That is really still our language. 8. In the towns of Pirot and Vranje, it cannot be said that they speak Serbo-Croatian; instead they speak this Bulgarian-Serbo-Croatian mixed speech. Dont let the past politics fool you. He conducts his interviews in Macedonian, and as you can watch , his guests, be they bulgarians, serbs, bosnians, croats have no trouble understanding his questions. An academic paper has been published making the case for a separate Balachka language. Lach is a Czech-Polish transitional lect with a close relationship with Cieszyn Silesian. Older people who rembember federation understand everything. Serbs did not have the same language contact with the Macedonian language as Macedonians with Serbocroatian did. It consists of at least four major dialects, Ekavian Chakavian, spoken on the Istrian Peninsula, Ikavian Chakavian, spoken in southwestern Istria, the islands of Bra, Hvar, Vis, Korula, and olta, the Peljeac Peninsula, the Dalmatian coast at Zadar, the outskirts of Split and inland at Gacka, Middle Chakavian, which is Ikavian-Ekavian transitional, and Ijekavian Chakavian, spoken at the far southern end of the Chakavian language area on Lastovo Island, Janjina on the Peljeac Peninsula, and Bigova in the far south near the border with Montenegro. Is the virgin Intelligibility important? Pure Silesian appears to be a dying language. Ukrainian much less comprehensible. Masovian, which is spoken throughout the central and eastern regions of Poland. More? No there is not. How can you mesure intelligibility by using one single person. Serbo-Croatian speakers can often learn to understand Macedonian well after some exposure. The Polish and Ukrainian languages come from the same Slavic roots, but are not so close that they are mutually intelligible. http://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s11185-015-9150-9 The idea is that the Kajkavian and Chakavian languages simply do not exist, though obviously they are both separate languages. For example, Dutch speakers tend to find it easier to understand Afrikaans than vice versa as a result of Afrikaans' simplified grammar. I use Ethnologues list of languages and dialects, but extend it a bit. Belarusian is closer to Polish and Ukrainian than Russian. The Russian language doesn't have a sound for " ." Ukrainian is a mostly phonetic language. Part of the problem between Serbo-Croatian and Macedonian is that so many of the basic words be, do, this, that, where are different, however, much of the rest of the vocabulary is the same. Robert does look at these stories. Its historical development consists of four main periods. But then it is difficult. More properly, their speech is best seen as closer to Macedonian than to Bulgarian or Serbo-Croatian. Also what is a dialect and what is a language? becomes confusing for me since I can say a sentence in Kai/Cha thats almost the same in Slovene but different in BSCM standards. Russian has 85% intelligibility with Rusyn (which has a small number of speakers in Central and Eastern Europe). Like a shits to o. If you choose to study a language thats mutually intelligible with one you already know, chances are youll have to put a lot less work in than if you were learning a language from scratch. However, in terms of vocabulary Ukrainian is closer to Polish, from which it has borrowed a large number of words. This has, however, more to do with the new Ukrainian norm. Vitebsk State University. ago. Spanish is most mutually intelligible with Galician. Mutual intelligibility with varieties of Serbo-Croatian is hindered by differences in vocabulary, grammar, and pronunciation, Kajkavian being the most mutually intelligible. Mutual intelligibility also occurs in a wide variety of degrees, ranging from none, to partial, to full mutual intelligibility. We found that Czech and Slovak have by far the highest level of mutual intelligibility, followed by Croatian and Slovene. Yes of course. The truth is that a person can often understand other dialects, except his native one. But they would learn it quickly if they cared.
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