In Ethiopia, agricultural export development is done in livestock, grains, vegetables, fruits, and fruits. By 1974 the Ministry of Agriculture's Extension and Project Implementation Department had more than twenty-eight areas with more than 200 extension and marketing centers. Productivity and technology. The LMP also calls for increases in dairy, broiler and egg production to satisfy increasing consumer demand for affordable animal proteins. The Government of Ethiopia (GOE) has identified key priority intervention areas to increase productivity of smallholder farms and expand large-scale commercial farms. Ethiopia's crop agriculture is complex, involving substantial variation in crops grown across the country's different regions and ecologies. (2013). Ensete flour constitutes the staple food of the local people. Ethiopia is home to abundant livestock resources. to industries; export crops, from whose sales industries infrastructure and the like may be established; and . In fact, over 50% of the daily caloric intake of an average household is from wheat, sorghum, and corn. Only 15 percent of the roads are paved; this is a problem particularly in the highlands, where there are two rainy seasons causing many roads to be unusable for weeks at a time. Agriculture is the mainstay of the Ethiopian economy, contributing 41.4% of the country's gross domestic product (GDP), 83.9% of the total exports, and 80% of all employment in the country (Matousa, Todob, & Mojoc, 2013). Crop and Livestock Product Utilization (Private Peasant Holdings . Beef exports are also growing, with additional market opportunities on the horizon. In early 1990, the government essentially abandoned villagization when it announced new economic policies that called for free-market reforms and a relaxation of centralized planning. Some estimates indicated that yields on peasant farms were higher than those on state farms. Five major cereals (teff, wheat, maize, sorghum and barley) are the core of Ethiopia's agriculture and food economy, accounting for about Livestock and Livestock Characteristics (Private Peasant Holdings) 2020/2021 (2013 E.C.) It features and analyzes the country's agricultural progress from 1960s to date, and some . [17], Although varying from region to region, the role of livestock in the Ethiopian economy was greater than the figures suggest. Last edited on 21 February 2023, at 19:04, Southern Nations, Nationalities, and People's Region, Ethiopian Institute of Agricultural Research, List of Goods Produced by Child Labor or Forced Labor. According to the World Bank, agricultural production increased at an average annual rate of 2.1 percent between 1965 and 1973, while population increased at an average annual rate of 2.6 percent during the same period. In Ethiopia, agriculture is the mainstay of the majority of the population and major driver of the national economy. The particular GE cotton variety of interest is a product that is resistant to cotton bollworm, which is a pest challenge many farmers struggle to manage. The Ethiopian Herald (Addis Ababa) Urban agriculture utilizes resources such as land that have high demand for other urban uses . Land ownership is also a complicating factor. Contract farming, cluster approach and land consolidation, Horticulture (irrigation and urban farming), Climate resilient sustainable agricultural development. As with many equatorial countries, the sun dictates time in Ethiopia. Where the topography permits, they are suitable for farming. major pulse crops grown in the country are chickpea, haricot beans, lentils, fababean and peas, The Ethiopian Orthodox Church traditionally has forbidden consumption of animal fats on many days of the year. Principal crops include coffee, pulses (e.g., beans), oilseeds, cereals, potatoes, sugarcane, and vegetables. By 1989, the area covered by the State Farms had grown to a total of 220,000 hectares. @article{Haile1988CausesAC, title={Causes and Characteristics of Drought in Ethiopia. The GOE, as part of its Livestock Master Plan (LMP), intends to transform this sector and increase production and exports of meat in order to generate foreign exchange. Pulses were a particularly important export item before the revolution. A large chunk of this commercially produced red meat, most of which is currently mutton and goat meat is exported to the Middle East in order to generate foreign exchange. At the moment, there are a few U.S. and foreign firms that have partnered with local companies in the milk business, which has considerable room for growth, as milk consumption is still very low. Land use function 2 2.2. Private companies are allowed to import food commodities including wheat, rice, sugar, powder milk, and cooking oils. Some informal trade is most likely occurring in production areas located along borders. Top 3 Exported Goods (2021): Coffee & Spices, Vegetables, and Oil Seeds. Barley is grown mostly between 2,000 and 3,500 meters. The agricultural production sector is a backbone of the Ethiopian economy. These conditions include basic agricultural production potentials, access to input and output markets, and local population densities which represent both labor availability and local demand for food. Mengistu told the 1989 WPE party congress that at US$0.32 per kilogram, foreign-exchange earnings from coffee would have dropped by 240 million Birr, and government revenue would have been reduced by 140 million Birr by the end of 1989. Agriculture. Three factors contributed to the decline in the relative importance of pulses and oilseeds. Corn is grown chiefly between elevations of 1,500 and 2,200 meters and requires large amounts of rainfall to ensure good harvests. [10] This has raised fears of food being exported to more prosperous countries while the local population faces its own shortage. Under the current administration, the GOE has renewed its emphasis to develop the agriculture sector, ensure food security, and achieve import substition. In addition, Ethiopia spent 341 million Birr on food purchases during the 1985-87 period. There also was concern that villagization could have a negative impact on fragile local resources, accelerate the spread of communicable diseases, and increase problems with plant pests and diseases. The Blue Nile River. Meat and milk yields are low and losses high, especially among calves and young stock. Agriculture accounts for most of (30-42%)t of the Gross Domestic Product (GDP) of the country. To promote commercial-scale farming, the Ministry of Agriculture (MOA) created the Ethiopian Agricultural Land and Investment Administration Agency dedicated to overseeing any new large-scale commercial farm deals. Section D. Major Rivers of Ethiopia Water resources. Please help update this article to reflect recent events or newly available information. Ethiopias development plan has laid out enhancing agricultural production and productivity as one of the major strategic pillars. Agriculture. Hence, fewer people send their cattle in transhumance.[29]. Therefore, investment in commercial farming requires considerable due diligence. To meet its agro-processing objectives, the GOE is building Integrated Agro-Industrial Parks (IAIP) in four pilot areas: Amhara, Oromia, SNNP, and Tigray regional states. }, author={Tesfaye Haile}, journal={Ethiopian Journal of Agricultural Sciences}, year={1988}, volume={10}, pages={85-97} } T. Haile; Published 14 July 1988; Geography; Ethiopian Journal of Agricultural Sciences Forestland, most of it in the southwestern part of the country, accounted for 4 percent of the total land area, according to the government. In Ethiopia's lowlands, for example, the presence of malaria kept farmers from settling in many areas. The GOE imposes an export ban on cereal grain and local prices are often higher than what they are on the international market. Matou, P., Y. Todo, et al. Agriculture in Ethiopia is the foundation of the country's economy, accounting for half of gross domestic product (GDP), 83.9% of exports, and 80% of total employment. This modest increase, however, was not enough to offset a general decrease in GDP during the same period. During the 1970s, coffee exports accounted for 50-60% of the total value of all exports, although coffee's share dropped to 25% as a result of the economic dislocation following the 1974 revolution. "National Statistical Abstract. Grain is an essential part of the Ethiopian diet. The soils of the Great Rift Valley often are conducive to agriculture if water is available for irrigation. Between 1976 and 1985, the government constructed 600,000 kilometers of agricultural embankments on cultivated land and 470,000 kilometers of hillside terraces, and it closed 80,000 hectares of steep slopes for regeneration. Agriculture accounted for 50% of GDP, 83.9% of exports, and 80% of the labor force in 2006 and 2007, compared to 44.9%, 76.9% and 80% in 20022003, and agriculture remains the Ethiopian economy's most important sector. Grain yields are relatively low due to the countrys rugged topography, poor land management, small-scale landholdings, irregular rainfall, limited mechanization, and insufficient supplies of fertilizer and improved seed. Mia MacDonald and Justine Simon (2010) Climate, Food Security, & Growth: Ethiopia's Complex Relationship with Livestock. There are two predominant soil types in the highlands. To implement this strategy, the government relied on peasant associations and rural development, cooperatives and state farms, resettlement and villagization, increased food production, and a new marketing policy. Veterinary Drug and Animal Feed Administration & Control Authority (VDAFACA), NationalAnimalHealthDiagnosticand InvestigationCenter(NAHDIC), Ethiopia Agricultural Business Corporation (EABC), International Trade Administration [7] Despite government efforts, farmers responded less than enthusiastically. [7], The plains and low foothills west of the highlands have sandy and gray-to-black clay soils. Total required investment costs for the IAIPs stand at U.S. $870 million and initial investment costs are estimated at U.S. $266 million. The powers and duties of the MoA include: conservation and use of forest and wildlife resources, food security, water use and small-scale irrigation, monitoring events affecting agricultural development and early warning system . processed food, beverages, and livestock products meat, milk, and eggs), as well as the textile/apparel and leather industries. 2. Accordingly, state farms received a large share of the country's resources for agriculture; from 1982 to 1990, this totaled about 43% of the government's agricultural investment. Exports are almost entirely agricultural commodities, and coffee is the largest foreign exchange earner. With the support of the IMF, the Ethiopian government has developed an ambitious Homegrown Economic Reform Planto propel the countrys economic progress. Ethiopia has previously imported cotton from various international suppliers. After the 1975 land reform, peasants began withholding grain from the market to drive up prices because government price-control measures had created shortages of consumer items. Brighter Green, 2. Agriculture accounts for most of (30- 42%) of the Gross Domestic Product (GDP) of the country. In this regard, Ethiopia is looking to expand development efforts to fight land degradation and to reduce pollution; reduce Green House Gas (GHG) emissions; increase forest protection and development; increase production of electricity from renewable sources for domestic use and for export; and focus on modern and energy saving technologies. External links to other Internet sites should not be construed as an endorsement of the views or privacy policies contained therein. Secure .gov websites use HTTPS The Homegrown economic reform plan identified structural and institutional bottlenecks affecting the agricultural sector in Ethiopia. Develop a legal framework for agriculture-specific financial services such as micro-lending, crop insurance and forward contracts. Potato is an increasingly important crop in Ethiopia, but the origin of local cultivars grown throughout the country is unknown. Almost the entire rural population was involved in some way with animal husbandry, whose role included the provision of draft power, food, cash, transportation, fuel, and, especially in pastoral areas, social prestige. In addition, the GOE is looking to the agro-processing sector (also a best prospect sector detailed below) as one engine to spur future economic growth. Depending on international market conditions and local demand factors, there may be opportunities in the future for U.S. wheat and soybean sales to Ethiopia. APDF readeris available from Adobe Systems Incorporated. Approximately 25% of Ethiopia's population depended directly or indirectly on coffee for its livelihood. Per capita meat consumption was high by developing countries' standards, an estimated thirteen kilograms annually. The program later facilitated the establishment of similar internationally supported and financed projects at Ada'a Chukala (just south of Addis Ababa), Welamo, and Humera.
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